Knowledge and Practice of Mothers about Firstaid Management of Selected Minor Injuries among Children Under 5 Years in Selected Area of Shyampur Village, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

 

Ms Rubi Pradhan¹, Ms.Krishna Samantaray¹, Bandana Pradhan², Ayesha Mohapatra²,

Dharitri Priyadarsini Sahoo², Biswambar Biswajit Sahoo², Bisakha Manjari Parida²,

Banjit Behera²

¹M.Sc.Tutor, SUM Nursing College, Sector-8, Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, 751003

²Staff Nurse, SUM Hospital, Sector-8, Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003

 

ABSTRACT:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy in terms of knowledge among staff nurses in selected hospitals at Bangalore. Pre-experimental design, with convenient sampling method was used. Information was collected from 50 staff nurses regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy using the structured knowledge questionnaire. STP was implemented and post-test was conducted after 7 days to find the effectiveness. Study findings showed that pre-test knowledge scores were found to be 43.05% and after STP the posttest knowledge scores of staff nurses was found to be 77.45% which is enhanced by 34.4%. With the t-test value 25.96* and chi square value 80.18* which is significant at 5% level. Hence the result has proved that STP was effective in improving the knowledge of staff nurses on collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy. It is a great challenge to the nation to provide health, education and food to the children below 5 years who are the dependant ,unproductive section comprising 40% of the total papulation of the country (census 2006).This is the section of population with great potential.'' Children are the wealth of tomorrow".Take care of them if your wish to have a strong India, ever ready to meet various challenges said Jawaharlal Neheru (2). First aid is not only just about helping crash victims at the roadside. But also calming an injury person or as profound as saving a life.Studies done in both developed and developing countries have demonstrated a lack in the knowledge of care givers towards common problems occurring in childhood including the occurrence of injuries (7).Hence the present study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of mothers about first aid management of selected minor injuries among children under 5 years. The data was collected from 60 mothers using structured knowledge questionnaire. The extent of knowledge in mothers are showing that 66.6% of mother having Good knowledge, 23.3% of mother having extremely good knowledge and 10% of mothers having poor knowledge. In terms of practice in mothers, 63.3% were having good practice, 26. 6% mothers having Excellent practice and 10% of mothers having average practice. Their is extremely significant association between the demographic variables like no of children and the knowledge of mother as the chi square value is 16.91 at p value 0.0007.and also there is extremely significant association between demographic variables like education of mother and the practice as the chi square value is 19.9 at p value 0.0002.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

In any community, mother and children comprise a priority group, with children under 5 years comprising nearly 40% of the total population⁴. Injuries in childhood are very common and comprise the base of the injury pyramid for all ages.⁵

 

The future development of our children depends on their enjoying good health today. A Community is an exciting place for children ,who love to explore but are not awake of the potential dangers.¹ Life can't be risk free, but most accidents can be prevented by utilizing a safety list. The incidence of accident injuries is increasing in india.²

 

 As we approached the twenty first century lifestyle throughout the different global region, are changing rapidly affecting the working condition, living environmental characteristics of occupation and hazards. In such a milieu it is imperative that every responsible citizen should have sufficient knowledge of rendering first aid to the sick or injured persons till the victims reach the safe hands of qualified personnel.⁶

 

Accidents claim the lives of more children every year. In developed countries many children die of accidents than of all child hood diseases .Although infectious disease are still the leading cause of death in developing countries (ours),but a definite increase in incident and related morality due to accidents has been noted in the last decade .In the pre school age groups (91%) of these accidents and over one half occur at home.⁸

 

First aid is defined as the assessments and interventions that can be performed by a bystander (or by the victim) immediately with minimal or no medical equipments.¹ The main objective of providing first aid is to reduce suffering ,promote healing process and prevent damage. most of the times the first aid given decides the future course of illness, severity and its outcome². Often the knowledge regarding first aid reported is poor and disintegrated.³

 

First aid is not only just about helping crash victims at the roadside. But also calming an injury person or as profound as saving a life .certain self limiting illness or minor injuries may not require further medical care immediately if first aid is given. It aims to preserve and protect life, prevent further injury or deterioration of illness and help to promote recovery.⁴

 

An accident occurring commonly in children 1-5 years includes burns, abrasions and crush. A study done in jaipur on unintentional injury prevention survey also reported that most common burns encountered were burns and scalds (62.5%).The investigator randomly interviewed 20 women at tavarekera and found that majority of women reported common accidents in their children as burns, scalds, cuts. It was also observed that homes are not safe for children and some of the parents were not aware of the childhood burns.⁸           

 

Incorrect practices and myths associated with illness and injuries have also been reported among people living in community.⁵

 

In terms of facilities ,rural areas have been found lacking ,putting the burden of immediate following injury on to the caregiver of the child. Studies done in both developed and developing countries have demonstrated a lack in the knowledge of care givers towards common problems occurring in childhood including the occurrence of injuries.^7,9

 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

1. To assess the knowledge of mothers about first aid management.

2. To assess the practice of mothers about first aid management.

3. To find out the association between knowledge of mother with selected socio demographic variables.

4. To find out the association between practice of mother with selected socio demographic variables.

 

Assumption:

1. Mothers may have some knowledge regarding child injuries & its preventive managements.

2. Mothers adopts some measure to provides care in case of any childhood injuries.

3. Questionnaire will help to identify mothers practice on prevention of minor injuries in children at home level.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Research approach: - Non-experimental approach

Research design: - Descriptive design

Setting:-Shyampur village, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Sample: mothers who were having under five years children in Shyampur village, BBSR.

Sample size: 60 mothers

Sampling technique:-Non probability purposive sampling technique

 

Inclusion criteria:-

1.       Mothers who were having under five years children.

2.       Mothers available during date collection period and who were will be willing to participate in the study.

3.       Those who are able to understand odia, or Hindi or English.

 

Exclusion criteria:-

1.       Mothers who were having more than 5 yrs children.

2.       Mothers who were not willing to participate in the study.

 

 

Tool:

It consist of three sections

Section-I consists of 7 items pertinent to socio demographic data of mothers.

Section –II consists of 20 items of structured knowledge questionnaires

 

Scoring-:

Extremely good knowledge-66-100%

Good knowledge-31-65%

Poor knowledge-below 30%

Section-III consists of 12 items of structured practice questionnaires

 

Scoring

Excellent practice-76-100%

Good practice-31-75%

Average practice-below 30%

 

Validity and reliability:-

To ensure the validity of tool it was submitted to five experts from nursing field. Reliability of tool was found to be 0.71 by using chronback formula.

 

Plan for data analysis:

Data analysis was done according to the objective of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The collected data for each variable was analyzed, categorized, and interpreted in the form of tables and graphs.

 

Demographic data was analyzed in terms of frequency and percentage. Frequency and percentage distribution of subjects according to knowledge of mothers .Frequency and percentage distribution of subjects according to practice of mothers. To find out the association between knowledge of mother with selected socio demographic variables was analyzed by using chi-square.

 

RESULT:

Section-I:

maximum (26.6%) of mother participated in the study were in the age group of 18-25 years and 23.3% of mothers in the age group of >36 yrs , 25% of mother were in the age group of 26-30 years and rest 25% of samples were within the age group of 31-35 years with regards to educational status of mothers , (28.3%) participants are graduate ,(21.6%) participants are illiterate.(23.3%) were having primary education and rest (26.6%) were having higher secondary education.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section-II:

 

Figure I:-Frequency (f) and percentage (%) according to the knowledge of mother.

 

Figure depicts that 6(10%) of the mother were having poor knowledge, 40(66.6%) were having good knowledge and 14(23.3%) were having extremely good knowledge.

 

Section-III:

 

Figure II:-Frequency (f) and Percentage (%) accord ing to the practice of mother.

 

Figure shows that 6(10%) of mother were having average practice, 38(63.3%) were having good practice and 16(26.6%) were having excellent practice.

 

Section-IV:

There is extremely Statistically Significant association between knowledge of mother regarding first aid management with No.of children and age of children as the chi square value is 16.91 and 19.5 which is more than the tabulated value at p=0.0007 and p=0.0002 respectively.

 

 

DISCUSSION:

With regards to knowledge of 60 mothers about firstaid management are having 10% are poor knowledge, 66. 6% are good knowledge and 23.3% are extremely good knowledge.

 

With regards to practice on first aid management of 60 mothers are having 10% are average, 63.3% good and 26.6% are excellent practice on first aid management. There is extremely statistically significant association between practice of mother regarding first aid management and education of mother. As the chi square value is 19.9 which is more than tabulated value with “P” value is 0.0002.

 

Szanjder (2001) astudy conducated on frequency of chilhood injuries among all childerns less than 5 years living in Bonalogue- Billan court victims of minor injuries occuring in that town.An average annual incidence is 79.7% children .Minor injuries are 36%, among that 16% fracture, 10% wound, 6% strains and 4% head trauma.⁹

 

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

Some limitations of the present study are:

The study was confined to a small group (60) mothers.This limits the generalization of the findings to only the study sample.

 

The sample being the purposive sample was not a true representative of the research study.

 

RECOMMENDATION:

Basing on the findings of the study, the investigator proposes the following recommendation for future research.

·       The study can be replicated on large samples in different setting to have a wider generalization of findings.

·       A comparative study can be conducted on knowledge and practices of mothers in urban and rural community.

·       An interventional study to mange first aid treatment.

 

CONCLUSION:

The findings of the study are discussed in terms of the statistically measured data. It indicate 10% of mothers have poor knowledge, 66.6% mothers have good knowledge and 23.3% mothers have extremely good knowledge regarding first aid management of minor injuries.

 

The findings are indicates that the 10% mothers have average practice, 63.3% mothers have good practice and 26.6% mothers have excellent practice on first aid management of minor injuries.

REFERENCES:

1.     Guidances for firstaid, American Heart Association and American National Red Cross Society 2005; 112; 196-203.

2.     School Health Programme. Repprt of National Workshop central Health Education Bureau. Director General Health Services, New Delhi, India, 1978.

3.     Recommendations on school Health, 9^th joint conference of central council of health and family welfare.1997-2002.

4.     Engel Jayce (1993), "Moby’s pocket guide series pediatric assessment" 3^rd edition, Mosby publishers’, Newyork, Page no;3-37,109.

5.     Hoon Rs. Firstaid to the injured Saint Johans Ambulance Association. Introduction to first aid 1^st edition. Lieu tent General, 2007, 9-10.

6.     Gopalan HNB and Sakesena S. Domestic environment and health of women and children. JERT 2006; 66-167.

7.     Chellappa M Jessie, (2002),”PEDIATRIC NURSING”, 1^st edition, AP JAIN and co publisher, New Delhi, page no; 22-80, 134-168, 474-484.

8.     World report on child injury prevention, Geneva, world health organization; 2008, vol- 187/5/08-059535.

9.     Federico M. (2009), Journal of community Dentistry and oral Epidemiology volume:12, Issue:2,page No:136-139.

 

 

 

 

Received on 23.09.2017          Modified on 29.10.2017

Accepted on  28.11.2017      ©A&V Publications All right reserved